Which of the following roles do non-verbal signals NOT play when listening?

Non-verbal signals play a significant role in various aspects of communication, but summarizing the speaker's content is not one of them. Summarization involves processing the verbal information conveyed by the speaker and articulating it in a concise form, which relies primarily on verbal skills rather than non-verbal cues. Non-verbal communication includes gestures, facial expressions, posture, and eye contact, which help convey emotions, signal interest or disinterest, and indicate personal space, but they do not encapsulate or condense the speaker's message into a summary.

In contrast, determining personal space is a vital aspect of non-verbal communication that reflects cultural norms and individual comfort levels in interactions. Providing emotional support often relies on non-verbal cues such as nodding or maintaining eye contact, which can enhance the speaker's feelings of being understood and supported. Indicating interest or disinterest is another crucial function of non-verbal signals, as body language and facial expressions can show whether a listener is engaged or disengaged in the conversation. Thus, while non-verbal signals are integral to communication, they do not summarize verbal content but rather complement and enhance the overall understanding of the message being communicated.