Which mindset encourages individuals to view their abilities as changeable?

The growth mindset is a concept introduced by psychologist Carol Dweck. It reflects the belief that abilities, intelligence, and talents can be developed through dedication, effort, and persistence. Individuals who adopt a growth mindset understand that challenges and failures are opportunities for learning and improvement, rather than reflections of their inherent capabilities.

This mindset fosters resilience and encourages individuals to take on new challenges, work hard, and be open to feedback, as they believe they can enhance their skills over time. In contrast, other mindsets—such as a static mindset—would suggest that abilities are fixed and unchangeable, which can limit personal growth and learning. The positive mindset, while it may foster optimism, does not specifically relate to the malleability of abilities. Similarly, a defensive mindset often involves avoiding challenges and protecting one’s self-esteem, rather than seeing potential for growth and change. Thus, the growth mindset is the most appropriate choice, as it specifically encourages the view that abilities can improve with effort and dedication.